Segmentation Fault (Core Dumped)
HardProgram tries to access memory it doesn't own, causing immediate crash.
🚨 C++ Runtime Errors
Complete Debugging & Troubleshooting Guide
15+
Error Types Covered
50+
Solutions Provided
10min
Avg. Fix Time
⚡ Quick Jump to Common Errors
💾 Memory-Related Errors
Errors involving memory allocation, access, and management
Memory Leak
MediumProgram allocates memory but doesn't free it, causing gradual memory exhaustion.
Double Free or Corruption
HardAttempting to free memory that has already been freed.
Use After Free
HardAccessing memory after it has been deallocated.
Buffer Overflow
HardWriting data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory.
Heap Corruption
HardCorruption of the heap data structure used for dynamic memory.
📚 Stack-Related Errors
Errors involving the program stack and recursion
Stack Overflow
MediumProgram exceeds available stack space, usually from infinite recursion.
Stack Smashing Detected
HardStack protection mechanism detected buffer overflow on stack.
🔢 Arithmetic & Logic Errors
Errors from mathematical operations and logical problems
Floating Point Exception
EasyDivision by zero or invalid floating-point operation.
Integer Overflow
MediumArithmetic operation exceeds integer type limits.
Assertion Failed
EasyProgram assertion condition evaluated to false.
🖥️ System & Platform Errors
Platform-specific runtime errors and system interactions
Access Violation (Windows)
MediumWindows-specific memory access violation (0xC0000005).
Bus Error (Unix/Linux)
HardMisaligned memory access or hardware error on Unix systems.
Illegal Instruction
HardCPU encountered an instruction it cannot execute.
🔧 Essential Debugging Tools
Master these tools to efficiently debug runtime errors
GDB (GNU Debugger)
Step through code, inspect variables, analyze core dumps
gdb ./program core
Learn GDB →
Valgrind
Detect memory leaks, buffer overflows, and use-after-free
valgrind --leak-check=full ./program
Learn Valgrind →
AddressSanitizer
Fast memory error detector built into GCC/Clang
g++ -fsanitize=address -g program.cpp
Learn Sanitizers →
LLDB (macOS)
LLVM debugger for macOS and Xcode development
lldb ./program
Learn LLDB →
📋 Quick Reference
Common Causes
- Null pointer dereference
- Array index out of bounds
- Uninitialized variables
- Memory allocation failures
- Infinite recursion
- Race conditions
Prevention Tips
- Always initialize variables
- Check pointer validity
- Use smart pointers (C++11+)
- Enable compiler warnings
- Use static analysis tools
- Write unit tests
Debug Commands
# Generate core dump
ulimit -c unlimited
# Analyze core dump
gdb ./program core
# Memory check
valgrind ./program
# Enable sanitizers
g++ -fsanitize=address,undefined🔍 Can't Find Your Error?
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